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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972part1_040_ill

On 2nd July 1869 a demonstration was given in a hall in Shell Mound Lake, California, with a small model airship which its inventor Mr Frederick Mariott names the ‘Avitor.’ Shaped like a cigar, it is 37 feet long and the diameter in the middle is 11 feet. The ‘Avitor’ has two wings under each of which there is a propeller driven by a steam-engine. The airship appeared to operate perfectly in the hall but in the open air, even in a gentle breeze, it was entirely unsatisfactory and we therefore do not expect that Mr Mariott’s invention will be a practical success.


This is one of the few places in the whole book where the publication that first published the article show even the slightest doubt about the project at hand and it was refreshing to see – Ted

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972
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We illustrate one of the most novel types of swimming apparatus permitting the user to achieve a speed of between 4 and 6 miles per hour, according to the American inventor, Mr William A. Richardson. By means of a central, longitudinal shaft, the cranking movements of hands and feet are transferred to a four-bladed propeller allowing the swimmer to proceed rapidly and easily.


Since the bloke on the illustration seems to be rather off balance I guess that would be one of the problems with this lamebrain device. And since there doesn’t seem to be any floating arrangement on the thing, keeping afloat would be another. It makes one wonder what else was on the market if this was an improvement – Ted

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972

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Nowadays anyone who wishes to know his weight, have his portrait taken, his future foretold or who wants a travel insurance, a savings certificate, a newspaper, a packet of chocolate, or sweets, or even a squirt of perfume on his handkerchief, need have no more than a penny in his pocket. By inserting this coin into one of the ubiquitous automatic machines which one encounters everywhere it is veritable child’s play to become the owner of one of these fine things.

And now an apparatus has also been invented which will permit us to enjoy electric light for fully half an hour, and that on payment of a negligible sum. If a penny is inserted in the slot marked A it will fall into B and then one can depress the knob which bears the legend ‘Push hard’. This movement winds up a clockwork motor which connects up a circuit of several accumulators and a lamp for the space of half an hour. If the device is out of order if, for example, a filament is broken the coin will tumble out again at C.

The object of the inventors is to give travellers in trains and aboard ships a cheap but abundant supply of soft light for a limited time whenever they require it, thus enabling them to read, write, play games or pursue any of the hundred and one activities with which we can while away the time when on a journey. In this respect the electric incandescent lamp puts its humble sister in the shade-we refer, of course, to the gas lamp which in our third class carriages scarcely affords sufficient light to light a cigar by.


And the bloody idea caught on didn’t it. In motels, hotels, on boats, at airport or anywhere else a bastard can installed a coin slot you have to pay for TV viewing, gas, hot water or whatever – Ted 😉

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972

part1_036_illpart1_036_headingMonsieur Francois Barathon of Paris has developed a swimming-buoy that can be propelled like a velocipede for the purpose of saving life at sea. The shipwrecked person sits on an inflated rubber bag placed on a curved metal plate to which a frame, is attached: This frame contains a metal propeller facing rearward which is driven by the arms and a downward shaft with a horizontal propeller driven by pedalling with the feet. The occupant can also increase his speed by erecting a short mast with a sail. The device is equipped with a lamp which may attract the attention of potential life-savers after darkness has fallen.


There is no limit to how many of these life saving devices for the shipwrecked the Victorians managed to take out patents on. In this case I’m just wondering about how the unfortunate person gets off the sinking ship on this strange contraption. Or was it supposed to be hanging one for everyone on-board along the ships side so you just mounted it and let it drop into the sea. And what happened when you got to tired to keep the propellers going, it doesn’t seam to have much of a floating devices, so you probably sank like a stone after a while – Ted

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972

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On 20th November 1895 the Call, a San Francisco newspaper, published an article under the title ‘Vessel to roll on the watergiving an account of a ship which, it was claimed, could compete with the fastest of trains for speed. The inventor, Mr Chapman, gave the following account of his vessel: the hold, bridge and passenger cabins seem to be squeezed between two gigantic rollers journalled [ i.e. on bearings] in gangways on either side of the ship. The interior of each roller is equipped with a narrow-gauge track on which a locomotive driven by electricity can run. As soon as the locomotive is set in motion, the huge drums start rolling, moving the ship in a forward direction. Very high speeds may be attained. Mr Chapman even claims that the top speed of his vessel will not ‘be much less than that of a modern, fast train so that the crossing of the Atlantic between New York and Britain may take only three days or even forty-eight hours while the passengers will also be virtually free from sea-sickness.


Yet another hairbrain idea that would never leave the drawing board. But it looks good on paper doesn’t it – Ted 😉

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972part1_035_ill

Professor E. J. Marey in Paris, who is engaged on the study of the way in which birds move, has hit upon the idea of making a kind of photographic machine-gun with which a series of pictures of a bird in flight can be obtained within a very short space of time. The difficulty here was not the sensitivity of the bromide of silver and gelatine layer on which the pictures must be formed, but in the speed with which the sensitive plate must move in order to come into the focal spot of the lens. Marey succeeded in constructing a device the size of a hunting-rifle which photographs the object aimed at twelve times in one second, each picture requiring a pose of only 1/720 second. The barrel of the rifle is a tube containing the camera lens. At the rear there is a cylindrical drum attached to the butt of the rifle and containing a clockwork motor.

The system of gear-wheels which imparts the necessary speed to the various parts is set in motion by pulling the trigger. These parts are attached to a shaft which rotates twelve times per second. First, there is a metal disc containing a tiny window which permits the light from the lens to enter twelve times per Second, and for rto second each time. Behind this is a second metal disc which has twelve apertures, against which the sensitised glass plate is placed. This second disc and the glass plate rotate only once per second, stopping briefly after each rotation so that the image of the bird can enter through the window in the first metal disc twelve times in succession . and fall on different parts of the glass plate.

After some aiming practice, Marey obtained very satisfactory photographs in which each complete beat of a seagull’s wing was depicted in three exposures. Marey considered this inadequate and doubled the speed at which the glass plate and the metal discs rotated. In this way he obtained very good pictures, despite the fact that the light impression of the bird’s image then struck the sensitive silver layer for only li40 second.

Marley is now building up a large collection of various species of birds in flight, both hovering and flapping their wings, and in differing conditions of wind direction and velocity, varying from absolute calm to storm force. He has even succeeded in photographing bats despite the lateness of the hour at which they fly and the unpredictable nature of their flight. He hopes that a close study of these pictures will help him to cast a new light on the way in which winged creatures are able to rise into the air and fly. This may also prove useful with respect to the, so far consistently unsuccessfulattempts made by man to create flyingmachines.


Back in the Victorian days I would think you should be very careful about who you pointed the photographic rifle at. It would be a pity getting shot because you were merely taking someone’s picture – Ted

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972

part1_034_illa Front and rear view of the electric chair to be used for Kemmler’s execution.
A: The electrode pressed to the head.
 

part1_034_illb Switch gear for the electric chair.

part1_034_illc First design for the electric chair.

part1_034_headingThe State of New York may justly congratulate itself on the fact that the barbaric punishment of death by hanging is to be abolished in favour of a more humane and scientific method of execution: as from 1st January 1889, criminals will be put to death by electrocution. The engraving gives an impression of what the ‘electric chair’ will probably look like. The poles of a dynamo are connected by a switching device to a metal electrode clamped round the condemned man’s head, and to the metal seat of the chair, sponges or wet cloths being applied at the points of contact to ensure a perfect electrical connection. Extensive experiments carried out with dogs have shewn that electrocution causes almost instantaneous death, eliminating the gruesome writhing movements of the hanged in the moments before death ensues. There is no doubt that for a civilised country which wishes to put an end to the barbaric horrors of the past the electric chair represents the best method of inflicting the death penalty.


Personally I thought civilised countries didn’t practice the death penalties, it’s not very civilised when you think about it, but then again, I live in a country that removed death penalties from it’s laws  in the mid 1880’s. They were I ought to mention brought back to handle the war criminals after WWII, but then removed from the laws again  – Ted

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972

part1_033

While plans have now been divulged to connect the island of Manhattan in New York with Brooklyn by means of a giant suspension bridge over the East River, Mr J. W. Morse has devised a bridge which permits of a much lighter construction than a normal suspension bridge and is, consequently, much cheaper to build. Mr Morse’s project provides for transportation across the river in a giant platform, suspended by means of cables from a trolley running upon a gantry across the river. Measuring 40 X 100 feet, the platform, or traveller as it is sometimes called, has two storeys: the top floor is for pedestrians while the bottom deck is intended for horses and carriages. The car can accommodate no fewer than 5,000 passengers at each trip and it hangs at the level of the access roads, but the supporting gantry is at a sufficiently high level above the river (136 feet) to give clear passage for shipping. The traveller takes only two minutes to cross the stream, and if necessary the crossing can be made in one minute. In the course of twelve hours, 75,000 people as well as nearly 6,000 wagons and horses can be carried across.

While a normal suspension bridge requires extensive abutments and ramps to enable the road traffic to reach the bridge-deck level of almost 120 feet, Mr Morse’s transporter bridge obviates the need for such provisions. The fact that the traveller hangs only 3 feet above the water-and hence is almost at street-level-makes it easy for heavily loaded wagons to cross the river, and will also be appreciated by the workman returning home on foot after a hard day’s toil in the factory or warehouse.


Would have been interesting to see how it would have handled todays traffic if it had been built – Ted

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972

part1_032

Professor Baranowski has designed a steam driven flying-machine a model of which has flown with great success in St Petersburg, according to a report in the French Revue Militaire. The machine consists of a large cylinder, shaped like a gigantic bird. Inside this cylinder is an extremely powerful steam engine which moves the wings up and down, while simultaneously driving the air screw – one at the tail and two on the sides below the wings. The oar which can be seen to the left of the tail serves as a rudder. This has been omitted on the right-hand side for the sake of clarity. What may be described as the beak of the bird is arranged in such a way that air can penetrate to the interior to permit the crew to breathe and enable the fuel to burn. As the huge craft moves through the air, the escaping smoke and steam will cause it to look like a comet with a luminous tail. A weight suspended below the flying-machine keeps the whole construction correctly in balance.


With a multitude of insane ideas like this being taken seriously by scientific journals one wonders where Otto Lilienthal and the Wright brothers got sane their ideas from – Ted

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972

part1_031

An unusual vehicle has recently been observed in the streets of Paris: a complete, mobile printing-press! The rear wheels of the tricycle have rims to which solid rubber tyres have been secured with strong, elastic bands: on its outer circumference, each tyre carries embossed printing-types enabling all sorts of short advertisements to be composed. A tank behind the driver’s seat feeds the printing ink through a tube to rubber rollers in continuous contact with the rear wheels. Between these inking-rollers a rotating fan, driven from the wheels, blows a downward stream of air on to the street to free it from dust. In this way, the advertisement is printed on a clean background to make it legible for a prolonged period of time.


I’ve worked in the advertising business for years myself so I know there is nothing those people wouldn’t do to get the message home, so this contraption comes as no surprise to me – Ted

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972

part1_029
Left, the water-filled pond: centre, details of the shell construction
right, interior of the cabin accommodating 15 passengers.

Monsieur Carron, an engineer from Grenoble in France, has devised a machine which will delight the lovers of sensational emotions. In planning this machine the inventor had in mind those persons who enjoy the unnerving sensations experienced, for example, in high swings or extremely fast sledges as they hurtle headlong over mountain-slopes. In order to evoke even stronger emotions than these he intends to part1_030allow the public to participate in a free fall of 325 yards. The possibility for this is provided by the Eiffel Tower which is of the height just mentioned.

 If Monsieur Carron’s calculations are correct, the speed attained at the end of a free flight such as this is 84 yards per second, corresponding to about 172 miles per hour, a speed at which no human being has ever travelled as yet. A comparison may be provided by the fact that our fastest express trains cover a distance of about 32 yards per second, or approximately 65 miles per hour. Making a free fall such as this will indeed be a vertiginous experience. It is easy to fall 325 yards, but it has hither to been doubtful whether one could do this and survive. This problem has been solved by the inventor. He has designed a cage in the shape of a mortar shell containing a round chamber some 13 feet high and 10 feet in diameter in which fifteen persons can sit extremely comfortably in well-upholstered armchairs arranged in a circle.

The floor is formed by a mattress with spiral springs 20 inches high. The bottom half consists of concentric metal cones which provide a further measure of resilience. The total height of the apparatus is almost 33 feet and its weight, inclusive of the electric lighting, 10 tons. It is intended to drop this gigantic shell from the top of the 325-yard-high Eiffel Tower. It will be prevented from being dashed to smithereens by falling into a water-filled pond shaped like a champagne glass.

This pond will be 60 yards deep with a maximum diameter of 54 yards. The water will serve as a shock-absorber. Mr Carron assures us that by virtue of this, and because of the springs inside, the shock felt by the occupants on landing will be in no way unpleasant. When they have got out, the giant shell can again be hoisted to the top of the Eiffel Tower to permit another group of adventurers to experience the thrills of a free fall. According to the inventor, the shell can be operated profitably at a fee of twenty francs per passenger per trip which is by no means an excessive charge for such a vertiginous experience as this promises to be.


A questions immediately materialize as the article says “When they have got out, the giant shell can again be hoisted to the top of the Eiffel Tower to permit another group of adventurers to experience the thrills of a free fall”. How do they get out, floating there in the middle of the pond, and when they do, do they swim ashore – Ted

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972

part1_028

Mr J. B. Williamson of Louisville, Kentucky, has invented a device which is capable of providing us with a pleasant and cool night’s rest during the hot season. It consists of a clockwork mechanism driven by either a spring or weight to which a lever is attached, carrying long, narrow strips of suitable material. The engraving shows how the device, fitted above a sleeping couple, cools the air and drives away insects by the oscillating movement of the strips.


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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972

part1_027

Mr Traugott Beek of Newark, N.J., in the United States of America has invented a life-preserver, the top part of which consists of a floating-buoy in which the wearer has freedom to move his head and arms about. It provides those unfortunate enough to be shipwrecked not only with sufficient power to float but also affords them complete shelter. A month’s supply of food and drinking-water can be stored in the upper section. The cover can be closed when high seas are running, adequate visibility then being provided by a window, while the occupant can breathe through a curved pipe. The preserver is fashioned of waterproof sailcloth secured to circular metal tubes, while the watertight trousers and gumboots with metal bands provide protection against injury from rocks and voracious fish.


“A month’s supply of food and drinking-water can be stored in the upper section”. If you eat like a very small bird that is – Ted

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972

part1_026

Dr W. O. Ayres of New Haven in the United States of America has designed a new flying machine so Utopian in conception that serious doubts may well be entertained with regard to its feasibility. Be that as it may, the fact that such a serious publication as the Scientific American has devoted space to this machine in its columns is reason enough for our decision not to deprive our readers of a short discussion of this project.

The propulsive power is derived from compressed air transported in two cylindrical vessels; this air also fills the hollow tubes in the framework of the machine. Compressed to a pressure of 200 atmospheres, the quantity of air conveyed is adequate to drive the machine for several hours.

The Scientific American gives further details: ‘It is possible that the propellers may require to be made larger, but providing the principle is maintained, we consider that a machine such as this can do successfully what is expected of it. In order to afford support for two systems of propellers, one horizontal and one vertical, a table-like frame is required. The dimensions of this are 3 feet by 4 feet while it is supported by four legs 4 feet in height. Quarter-inch-thick steel gives the tubing all the strength needed. The rider, or aeronaut, sits upon a saddle like that of a bicycle, suspended from the top frame by steel wires.

The four horizontal propellers serve to give the craft sufficient lifting-power. They are driven not only by the compressed air but also by the lower limbs of the rider thrusting on pedals of the type employed in bicycles. Attached to each cylinder of compressed air is a driving engine in which a paddle-wheel is brought into rotating motion by the flow of air. With his left hand the rider regulates the valve for the air-supply, while with his right arm he drives the vertically revolving propeller which thrusts the machine forward.’


The four horizontal propellers serve to give the craft sufficient lifting-power”. Yeah, right . Those propellers wouldn’t lift a paper bag full of ping-pong balls Dr Ayres  –  Ted

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972

part1_022

The offices of patent agents are swamped by inventions in the field of aerial navigation, a fact which indicates the extent of general interest in air travel. However, the results so far achieved are far from brilliant.

An interesting combination involving a giant kite and three small balloons has been invented by David Thayer, a Bostonian. It employs the, often formidable, forces of the wind in a quite unusual way. The kite is kept aloft by the balloons and, in much the same way as a folded piece of paper can be made to ascend along the kite-cord, a few men may rise in a pannier along the cables assisted by the sail hoisted above the pannier. As shown in the drawing, a raft or boat may also be taken in tow or, on land, the kite can pull a large wagon provided with wheels and brake, or a sledge on ice and snow. This may become a practical and inexpensive method of conveying merchandise.

 A variation of the foregoing is the aerial train shown in the other engraving. Also designed by David Thayer, it moves on four wheels along two wire cables strung on poles or pylons. The driving-power is supplied by an electric motor receiving its electricity from a steamengine-cum-generator on the ground through the two cables. The train can also move under its own power provided by a steam-engine so that it may sail through the air independently of the cables which serve as rails. The advantage of such an aerial train lies in the cost of the permanent way, which is considerably lower than that of a normal railway, while the problem of crossing rivers can now be solved quickly and efficiently.

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Human beings’ hunger for flight has resulted in the strangest contraption – Ted

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972

part1_021

A new mode of travelling has lately been invented, which the inventors claim to be applicable to any mining country where flumes exist, or which may be used wherever a stream of water of sufficient velocity of current can be enclosed for suitable distance. The device involves a carriage driven entirely by outside power; and, paradoxical as it may appear, it can travel either in the same direction as the force, or diametrically opposite thereto, while the direction of application of the power remains unchanged. In short, it is a carriage which travels up stream, impelled by no other force than that of the current.

The carriage rests on ordinary flanged wheels which traverse rails laid on the edges of the flume. On the axles are attached paddle wheels, which correspond in shape to the section of the flume and are acted upon by the current therein. It is clear that the current turning the paddles will so rotate the wheels of the vehicle, which will consequently move in a direction opposite to that of the current. When it is desired to move in the same direction as the current, the paddles are stayed stationary, and the water impels the car downstream.


Yeah, right – Ted

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972

part1_019

In the shipyards of Saint-Denis in France, a paddle-steamer is now being built which is entirely different from any existing type of ship. Designed by Monsieur Bazin, the craft consists of a platform with a sharp edge in front supported by large, hollow wheels which keep the platform about 20 feet above the water-level. To transmit the rotating power to the paddle-wheels, steel shafts 28 inches in diameter supported in sturdy bearing-blocks penetrate through and below the platform. The engine-rooms, stokeholds, passengers’ cabins and the various service-quarters have been built upon the platform. Propelled by two screws, the ship will roll over the water with a minimum of friction. Monsieur Bazin has perfected his construction by fitting a continuously operating, hydraulic rudder consisting of an upright column at the ship’s stern, which is controlled by the steersman. From this column, a powerful water-jet is forced into the water and this will govern the ship’s movements by reacting on the sea. The propulsive power of this rudder will-either fully or in part be used in navigation, and even with the engines at a standstill it will serve to steer the ship to her berth at a speed of a half or quarter knot.


I know it says so in the text, but still I find it extremely hard to believe that anyone would be crazy enough to actually build something like this. Vive La France et Monsieur Bazin ;-) 
– Ted

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972

part1_018

Baltimore, 30th August 1865
Dear Editor

In recent months you have published several articles on flying-machines, undoubtedly expecting that these projects would materialise in the future. I have for years nourished an idea which, however, I never could put to the test of experiment. It is to make use of the powers of inferior animals given to man to be his servants to effect his purposes. There are many birds, for example, noted for strength of wing and endurance in flight, such as the brown eagle. Proceeding from the assumption that such birds can carry up to twenty pounds each known as they are to carry off babies and lambs, one would require ten such eagles to convey an adult person through the air. In the accompanying drawing I have indicated how the eagles, by means of jackets fitted round their bodies, could be attached to a circular framework of hollow tubes which could carry aloft a metal basket large enough to hold a man, thus forming a natural flying-machine. An arrangement of cords passing through the hollow tubes would allow the occupant to compress or release the creatures’ wings to control the altitude and, by a similar system, to regulate the direction of flight by drawing the head of the bird to one side or the other. Would not this invention lead to an extremely simple and inexpensive means of air transport?


Of all the hair brain ideas and silly contraptions presented in Leonard De Vries marvellous book this really takes the prize. I, for one, do not find it particularly strange that the letter was sent anonymously – Ted

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972

part1_015

The inventor of the device which we present not only employs the hitherto wasted female power to oscillate a cradle, but at one and the same time to vibrate the dasher of a churn. By this means, it will be observed, the hands of the fair operator are left free for darning stockings, sewing, or other light work while the entire individual is completely utilized. Fathers of large families of girls, Mormons, and others blessed with a superabundance of the gentler sex, are thus afforded an effective method of diverting the latent feminine energy, usually manifested in the pursuit of novels, beaux, embroidery, opera-boxes, and bonnets, into channels of useful and profitable labour.

The apparatus consists of a lever A suspended from the ceiling or other suitable support from a swivelled hook and staple. In the extremities of the lever A are formed slots through which pass bolts and nuts which secure the adjustable arms B. to the eyes of the bolts are attached the end of two ropes, which pass round double guide pulleys fastened to the floor and then to two single pulleys, arranged one beneath the forward and the other beneath the rear part of the rocking-chair. The ends of the ropes are secured, as shown, to the rungs of the latter.

Near the extremities of the arms B sliding weights are placed, by moving which the lever can be properly balanced. Just inside the weights is secured on one arm the dasher of the churn, and at the other a cord communicating with a cradle rocker. As the chair is oscillated motion is communicated to the lever, and thence to both cradle and churn.

Necessarily this device may be put to a great variety of applications, and may supply motive power for washing-machines, wringers and other articles of household use, as well as for churns and cradles. At all events it opens a new field for ‘woman’s labour’, and one in which she is not likely to be disturbed or encounter competition from the other sex.


Isn’t it just amazing with what abundance of words such a ridiculous contraption is presented – Ted

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From “Victorian Inventions” by Leonard De Vries published by American Heritage Press in 1972

part1_013

Newell’s oscillating sofa, table and couch for vessels presented in 1870

A life on the ocean wave is a tine thing in poetry, but in practice, to those whose stomachs are sensitive to the motion of vessels, it is often a very sorry experience. Many and various remedies, and as many prophylactics as remedies, have been proposed, among which the most efficacious is to stay at home, but the latter, unfortunately cannot always be done. The inventor of the device illustrated has, however, undertaken the task of providing a remedy for sufferings of seasickness. If successful in operation the discomforts of a sea voyage to many will be overcome.

The invention provides the staterooms, cabins, saloons, etc., of vessels with couches, sofas and the like, suspended in such a way as always to maintain a horizontal position, no matter how much the vessel may pitch or roll. The couches are preferably made in a circular form, and suspended on oscillating hangers, the hangers being adjusted on the principle in which the mariner’s compass is suspended to keep it constantly level. The hanging couch may contain a centre table, and other small articles of furniture.


I feel a strong sense of suspicion simmering, could this contraption really maintain a horizontal position at all times or would it contrary to its intent make even me, who has never been seasick in my life, feel the discomforts of the sea. I suspect it might – Ted

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